Refrigerating apparatus.



C. HL HAPGOOD.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 10. I913.

latenrvd Oct. 10, 1916.

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MidwesSe 9 Q aerator.

'c H. HAPGOOD. v REFRIGE RATING APPARATUS. 7 APPLICATION FILED 001110.1913. I Patented Oct. 10,1916.

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Inventor C. H. HAPGOOD.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. !0, 1913.

1 200,878. Patented Oct. 10, 1916.

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witnesses." lizvez'ztarf dud-Q w/ 5% $17 M C. H. HAPGOOD.

REFRIGERAUNG APPARATUS.

APPLICATION man OCT. 10, 1913.

1 00,878. Parental Oct. 10, 1916.

FSHEETS SHEET 5.

YUiinfiSSeg Inventor C. H. HAPGOOD.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 10, 1913..

Patented Oct. 10, 1916.

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my ma C. H. HAPGUOS.

REFRIGERATWGAPPARAUIS.

APPLICATION FHED on m, 1913.

1,200,878. Eatented Oct. 10,1916.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7 CYRUS H. HAPGOOD, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW J ERSEY.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 10, 1916.

Application filed October 1Q, 1913. Serial No. 794,505.

, To all *lvkom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUS H. HAreooD, a citizen of the -United States,residing in Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey,have invented an Improvement in Refrigerating Apparatus, of which thefollowing description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, isa specistuiiing boxes in .a refrigerating system' or apparatus; and alsoproviding for automatic lubrication and the protection of the workingparts from being tampered with; and further enabling the stationaryexpansion chamberto be made of any desired size and accessible forrepairs.

In the present instance I- have shown one embodiment of the invention,in which magnetic means are employed to move the piston in thehermetically sealed circuit. The piston: and the magnetic meansconstitute a' magnetically operated pump, which may and preferably willbe made as herein shown, and is supported by a stationary substantiallyfluid tight casing, as will be described. Provision is made forlubricating the pump,as will be described. The magnetic means is shownas solenoids, and provision is made for alternately energizing thesolenoids, as will be described.

These and other features of this invention will be pointed out in theclaims at the end of this specification.

- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a refrigeratingapparatus embodying this invention. Fig. 2, a horizontal section andplan ofthe apparatus shown inFig. 1, the section being taken on the line2-2. Fig. 3, an elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, with theexpansion chamber connected therewith. Figs. '4 and 5, details ofacircuit controller for alternatelv energizing the solenoids. Ijigs. 6to 11 diagrammatic views pin 26, which cylinder 21.

to enable the operation of the circuit controller to be readilyunderstood.

In the embodiment of the invention herein shown, 10 represents a casing,which is closed at its bottom and sides and open at its top, and hasremovably secured to it by bolts 12 or otherwise a condenser, whichcomprises as herein shown a cylinder 13 provided with headers 14, 15,through which extend a plurality of tubes 16, whose lower ends open intothe casing 10 and whose upper ends open into a chamber 17 formed by thecap or dome 18, which is secured to the cylinder 13.

The casing 10 has extended through its opposite end walls 19, 20,-a tube21 of bronze or other non-magnetic material, which forms the cylinder ofa pump, having a reciprocating piston, comprising an iron rod 22, havinga central longitudinally extended bore 23, and a slot or opening 24leading from said bore to the outside of the piston between the ends ofthe latter and within the casing 10, so as to communicate with a pipe ortube 25 extended from the cylinder 21' into the casing 1Q. The piston 22is'reciprocated in the cylinder 21, as will be de- SCllbGd, and isguided in its movements by a projects into a slot 27 in the The piston22 has secured to its opposite ends, valvecasings 30 of likeconstruction and only one of which is herein shown. Each valve casing30, as herein shown, is screwed upon the reduced threaded end of thepiston, see Fig. 1, and contains a valve 31, which normally closes aport 32 in the end wall of the casing. The valve 31 is held to its seatby. a spring 33, which encircles the stem 34 of the said valve, betweenthe latter and a guiding and supporting wall or spider 35 within thevalve casing. The valve 31 is moved within'the 'valv'e casing- 30 toopen the port 32 as will be described. The cylinder .21 has secured toits opposite ends valve casings 36, see Fig. 1, which are of likeconstruction, and each is provided with a Valve 37, controlling a port38 in the. end wall of the casing adjacent to the cylin- 3 or steel orother magnetic material, and the .through which the cylinder 21 ispassed,-

latter constitutes the core of two solenoids *45, 46, whose spools or,windings surround the ends of the cylinder 21, which projects beyond theopposite end walls 19, 20 of the casing 10, and said spools are coveredby caps 47, 18 of magnetic material, which are secured'as by bolts 49 tosaid end walls.

The cylinder 21 of the pump may be secured in fixed relation to thecasing 10, as herein shown, by means of a nut 50, which engages athreaded portion of the cylinder 21 within the casing, and whichcooperates with the inner surface of the end wall 19 to draw a flange 51on the cylinder against the outer surface of said end wall. A fluidtight joint is obtained by means of a lead washer 52 interposed betweenthe flange 51 and the end wall 19. fluid tight joint around the openingin the end wall 20 maybe effected by a lead washer 53 and nut 54, whichlatter is externally threaded and engages a threaded enlargement of thesa1d opening.

Flu-id [tight joints between the valve casings 35 and the interior ofthe cylinder 21, may be obtained by packing or piston rings 56 carriedby said valve casings, and the piston 22 may and preferably will beprovided with annular grooves 57 for the reception of lubricant, whichis supplied from the casing 10 through ports or openings 59 in thecylinder 21.

The portions 60, 61 of the central bore 23 i of the piston which arelocated on opposite sides of and communicate with the intermediateporter slot 24 in said piston, constitute, in the present instance,inlet pa ssages for the piston, through which fluid refrigerant passesto the common outlet port 21, from which 1t passes out of the pumpcylinder 21 to the outlet pipe 2.). The outlet pipe 25, is preferablymade in two sections connected together by a sleeve 63, the uppersection being extended up througl'i the condenser and opening into thechamber 17, into which the gaseous refrigerant isdischarged and fromwhich it passes down through the condenser tubes 16, and as a liquidinto the casing 10.

".lhe chamber .17 is rendered fluid tight bv a lead gasket or washer 64,interposed between the cover 18 and the condenser 13, and a fluid-tightjoint between the condenser and the casing 10 is. obtained by means of alead washer 65. 'Ihe-condenser 13 is protact vided with an inlet port.66 and with an outlet port 67 for water or other condensing fluid. Theapparatus above described is capable 'of using any desired refrigerantwith proper selection of metals according to the-refrigerant used, butas hereinafter shown it is adapted for use with refrigerants heavierthan the lubricant used, such as sulfur dioXid, and the like, with whicha refrigerating apparatus of relative large refrigerating capacity maybe made of minimum size and at a minimum cost. The re frigerant inliquid form is supplied to the casing 10 up to about the dotted line 68,and the fluid lubricant, such as a neutral oil, is supplied to thecasing up to about the dotted line 69 and floats upon the liquidrefrigerant. It will be observed that the portion of the pump cylinder21 within the casing 10 is surrounded by or immersed in the fluidlubricant 69, which comes in conwith the reciprocating piston 22 throughthe ports 57 and slot 27, and thereby thoroughly lubricates the saidpiston. When a refrigerant heavier than the lubricantis used, as in thepresent case, the easing 10 is provided with an outlet pipe 70 for theliquid refrigerant, whiehextends down to near the bottom of the casing10 and is in open communication with the latter. The liquid outlet pipe70 is connected outside of the casing with an expansion chamber, ofanysuitable or usual construction and herein shown as a coil 71 ofpipes, see Fig. 3, which has its outlet end connected with the valvecasings 36.

seen that a circuit is provided for the refrigerant from the casing 10,through the pipe 70 to the expansion chamber 71, through the latter andthe branch outlet pipes 72, 73 to the pump cylinder 21, and thencethrough the passages 60, 61, port 24 in the piston 22, and pipe 25 intothe chamher 17, and thence through the condenser back to the casing 10,and that this circuit is hermetically sealed and free from stuffingboxes and the like.

The piston 22 is reciprocatcd by alternately energizing the solenoids45, 46, which may be effected in any desired manner, and as the piston22 is moved in" the direction of the arrow 44 by energizing the solenoid4-5, the gaseous refrigerant admixed will; more or less lubricant andcontained in the pump cylinder 21 between the piston 22 and the valve37, is ('on'ipressed'by the piston on its movement in the direction ofthe ar-- row 44 until the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds thestrength of the spring 33, and

the outlet pipe 25 for the pump cylinder 21 into .the chamber 17, fromwhich it passes down through the condenser 13 and is converted intoliquid, which descends by gravity into the casing 10 and passes throughthe body of fluid lubricant 69 to the lower part of the casing.

The piston. 22 on its stroke in the direction of the arrow 44 compressesthe gaseous refrigerant at one end of the cylinder, and simultaneouslydraws into the opposlte end of the cylinder gaseous refrigerant-from theexpansion chamber. On the stroke of the piston 22 in theirectionopposite to that indicated by the arrow 44, which is effectedbyenergizing the solenoid 46, the gaseous refrigerant in the cylinder 21at. its right hand end viewing Fig. 1, is compressed and forced throughthe passage 61 in the piston and out through the port 24 and pipe 25 tothe condenser, wherein it-is condensed and returns to the casing 10 asabove described, while at the same time gaseous refrigerant is drawn bythepiston into the left hand .end of the cylinder 21 from the expanslonchamber 71 through the branch pipe 72. It will thus be seen, that asubstantially continuous circulation of the refri erant is effectedthrough the circuit above escribed, by the reciprocating pump.understood that the solenoids 45, 46 are alternately energized, and inthe present in stance I have shown one arrangement or construction foreffecting this result b the reciprocating piston 22. To this en the'pisto 22 is provided'onits circumference with a longitudinally extendedslot 8Q, which is "located, as shown in Fig. 2, sub stantially at rightangles'to the outlet port 24 in said piston. The slot 80 has extendedinto it through a slot 81 in the cylinder 21, a lug or projection 82 on"a block 83, which slides in an enlargement of the slot 81. The

lug or projection 82- is designed to be en- 7 connected with the slideblock therewith, and is shown as provided with a gaged by the end wallsof the slot 80 in the piston, so as to move the said lug in oppositedirectionsfrom a central'position in the said slot. The slide block 83has connected with it a contact carrier, one form of which is hereinshown, and comprises a rod 85 having at its lower end a cap 86,wh1ch isto move pin 87 fitted into a socket in said block. The rod 85 isextended through a bonnet 88 attached tothe casing and rendered fluidtight by a lead washer 89, and said rod is inserted through a disk 90,having a knife edge wall to an opening therethrough, which forms afulcrum for the rod 85. The disk It will be.

90 is retained-in a socket in the bonnet 88 sleeves 96 being insulatedfrom the ears 97 by insulation 99, which is held in place by flanges onthe sleeves 96 and by nuts 100.

The cap 86 has soldered or brazed to it one end of a flexible corrugatedmetal tube 101, which has its other endcsoldered to the end of thebonnet 88, and prevents escape of the refrigerant along the rod 85, andthe corrugated tube 101 may be inclosed by a protecting tube 102, whichis brazed to the bonnet 88. The contact carrier or rod 85 is turned onits fulcrum, by the endwalls of the slot in the piston 22 engaging thelug or projection 82,, and the sliding block 83 is kept seated in theenlarged portion of the slot 81 by the spring 103, interposed be tweenthe cap 86 and the sliding block 83.

and terminal screw '95 'constitute a circuit" controller for described.

It will be observed that the reciprocating pump includlng the piston 22,the cylinder 21, and the valves for both, may be assembled togetheroutside of the casing 10, and as a complete pump can be pushed throughtheend walls of the casing and secured in position bv the nuts 50, 54.The tubes 16 are "brazed 0r soldered into the plates or headers 14, 15and the' latter are brazed or soldered to the cylinderor shell 13. Theswitch member 92, which is operated by the pump piston 22, preferablycontrols the circuits of two relays or electromagnets, which in turncontrol thecircuits of the solenoids the solenoid 46, as will be as willbe described.

base or board 113, and have a common ar-- mature 114, which is pivotedat 115, and has its free or upper end-made as a cylindrical rod 116, onwhich slidesa metal tube 117, containing a spring 118 and having'aforked head 119 carrying a roller 120. The

roller 120 engages the underside of a contact carrier, which is shown asa plate or bar 121, provided wlth Sidecar-S122, which are pivotallymounted .on center points or screws 123, 124:. The bar 121 has securedto it a movable member 125 of a switch, which coiiperates with terminalsor contact arms 126, 127 located on opposite sides thereof, so that whenone of the relays as 110 is energized, the contact member 125 is movedinto engagement with the terminal 127, by the roller 120 passing beyondthe center or pivot points 123,124, so as to turn the carrier 121 in thereverse direction to thatin which the armature 114: is moved. When theother relay as 112 is energized, the armature 114 is attracted, and thecontact carrier 121 is moved in the opposite direction and is engagedwith the terminal 126. Thebase or board 113 may and preferably-will beprovided with suitable binding posts-130, and may and preferably willhave secured to it a resistance coil 131, which is electricallyconnected with the movable member 125 of the relay switch, and with themovable member 92 of the switch operated by the pump piston 22.

To enable the operation of the switch mechanisms to be readilyunderstood, I have represented the operating parts diagrammatically inFigs. 6 to 11 inclusive. Referring to Fig. 6, 140, 1 11 represent themain line wires of the supply circuit. The solenoid 45 has one end ofits coil connected by wire 142 with the line wire 140, and the other endof its coil connected by wire 113 .with the movable member 125 of therelay switch. The solenoid 46 li'asone end of its coil connected withthe wire 143 and the other end with the line wire 14.1, which may beeffected by a wire 1 1-1, resistance 116 and switch arm 1 17, the latterbeing represented as connected by a link 148 with a diaphragm 1 19,which closes a pressure chamber 150, which is designed to be attached tothe cock 151 shown in'Fig. 1, for a purpose as will be described Therelay 110 has one end of its coil connected by wire 152 with theterminal or contact member 95, and its other end connected by wire 153with the wire 1541, whichconnects thewire 142 with.

the terminal or-eontact member 127. The terminal member 126 is connectedby wire 155 with the wire 111.v The wire 142 may be provided vwith asuitable hand operated starting switch 156. The switch member 125 isconnected by wire 157 with one end of the, resistance 131, whose otherend is connected by wire 158 with the switch memher 92. i v The terminal9% of the switch operated by the pump piston 22, is connected by wire159. with the relay 112, which is connected by wire 160 .with the wire155, connected with the wire 144. As above explained, when the solenoid45 is energized, the switch member 92 is engaged with the terminalmember 95, near the end of the piston stroke, and when the solenoid 16is cuit may be traced as follows: from the line wire 110 by wire 1+2,solenoid15, wire 113, switch member 125, terminal 126, wires 155, 141,resistance 116, arm 117 to the line wire 1 11. The solenoid -15 thusenergized moves the pump piston 22 in the direction of the arrow 11 inFigs. 1 and 6, and at the end of this movement of the pump piston; theswitch member 92 is moved by the piston into contact with the terminal95 and the circuit of the relay 110 is closed. This circuit may betraced in Fig. .7 as follows: from the line wire 110, by wires 1-12,151, 153, relay 110, wire 152, contact 95, switch member 92, wire 158,resistance 131, wire 157, switch member 125, terminal 126, wires 155,111, resistance 116, arm 117 to the line wire 1-11. The relay 110 thusenergized, attracts its armature 1111, thereby moving the switch member.125 into contact with the terminal 127,-so as to complete the circuitthrough the solenoid 46 and open the circuit of the solenoid 45. Thiscondition is represented in Fig. 8.

Arcing between the switch member,125 and the terminal 126, when theswitch mem ber leaves the said terminal, is avoided by the circuitthrough the relay 110, which is completed between the switch member 92and the terminal 95. The circuit of the solenoid 46may be traced in Fig:8 as follows: from the line wire 1-10 by MlltSlPZ, 15 1, terminal 127.switch member 125, wire 14:3, solenoid 46, wire 1 11, resistance 14:6,arm H7 to line 141. '1hesolenoid'l6 attracts the piston 22 and moves itin the direction of the arrow 200 in, Fig. 9, and whenthe piston leavesthe switch member 92, the latter may remain in contact with the terminal95 or it may be returned by the spring 103 to its central position shownin Figs. 2 and 9. At

the end of the movement of the piston 22 in the direction of the arrow200 in Fig. 9, the piston moves the switch member 92 into con-- tactwith the terminal 94, and closes the circuit ot' the relay 112 as shownin Fig. 10. 'lhiscircuit may be traced as-follows: from the line wire bywires 142, 154, terminal 127, switch member 125, wire 157, resistance131, wire'158, switch membbr 92. contact 91, wire 159, relay112, andwires 160, 155, 111, resistance 146, arm 117, to line 111. The relay 112attracts its armature 111 and moves the switch member into engagementwith. l1qu1d refrigerant, because the'condlwith the terminal 126,thereby completing the circuit ofsolenoid 45. This circuit may be tracedin Fig. 11, as follows: from line wire 140 by wire 142, solenoid45, wire143,

5 switch member 125, terminal 126, wires 155, 144, resistance 146, arm147 to line 141. While the switch member 125 is moving from terminal 127to 126, the circuit through the relay 112 remains closed, and arcing atthe m relay switch is avoided. The solenoid 45 being energized moves thepiston 22. in the direction'of the arrow 44 in Fig. 11, and as soon asthe piston leaves the switch member 92, the latter may be left inengagement with contact 94 or it may be returned to its centralposition, in which case the parts are in the position indicated in Figs.1 and 6. Areing between the switch member 92 and its terminals 94, 95,is prevented by the circuits through the solenoids 45, 46 beingcompleted before the switch member 92 leaves its c0- operatingterminals. The switch arm 14? is moved over the resistance 146 in onedirection by an increase in pressure in the apparatus and in theopposite direction by the spring 201. The resistance 146 is cut out ofthe solenoid circuit as the temperature of the condensing water risesand the pump .pressure increases, and is added to said circuit when thesaid temperature decreases. In this manner the use of a minimum amountof current at all times is insured. The apparatus herein shown has theadvantage of beingable to start under full load, and with the expansionchamber and the pump flooded tions of starting. up under full load arethe same as during any stroke of continuous operation, and the onlyeffect of liquid in the cylinder would be the slowing down of the pump,until the pump ejected the liquid and cleared itself. In practice theelectrically operated pump may be controlled in a manner well understoodby a thermostat not shown, but which may be represented by the switch156, and which will be located in the chamber of the refrigerator orother receptacle (not shown).

In the present instance Ihave shown one embodiment of the invention, butit is not desired to limit the invention to the particular constructionshown. From the above description it will be seen that the expansionchamber or coil 71 is included in a hermetically sealed circuit, whichcontains a piston, which is movable in a portion of the said circuit, bymeans extraneous to the )ortion of the circuit in which the piston islocated, and that this movement of the pis- 0 ton is effected withoutbreaking the seal of the circuit, which avoids the use of stufiing boxesand the disagreeable results and necessary attendance Which flow fromthe use of stuffing boxes. Furthermore the Working 5 parts are inclosedand automatically lubricated and are protected from being tampered with,therebyrendering the refrigerating apparatus or system fool proof, andespecially adapting it for use in households. So also, the expansionchamber is stationary and accessible for repairs and can be made of anydesired or required size.

Claims:

' 1. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination, a substantially fluidtight stationary casing for containing liquid refrigerant, a pump havingits cylinder extended through walls of said casing and secured in fixedrelation thereto, and provided with inlet ports outside of said casingand with an outlet 30 port within said casing, a piston reciproeating insaid cylinder, electromagnetic means forreciprocating said piston and anexpansion chamber connected with said casing and with the said fluidinlet ports.

2. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination, a casing, a multitubular condenser supported by said casing, a cap for said condenserforming a chamber therewith, a pump cylinder located in said casing andhaving a fluid inlet outside of said casing and having an outlet pipeextended through the condenser into said chamber, an expansion chamberoutside of said casing and connected therewith and with said fluidinlet, 95 and means for operating said pump.

3. In a refrigerating apparatus, in comhination, a casing, an expansionchamber located outside of said casing, a reciprocating pump having itscylinder extended into said casing and provided with an outletcommunicating with said casing, a piston reciprocating in said cylinderand having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet passage, and anelectromagnet located outside of said casing for moving said piston inone direction, substantially as described.

4. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination, a casing for containinga liquid refrigerant and a fluid lubricant, an expansion chamberconnected with said casing, a

pump cylinder extended through an end wall of said casing into thelatter below the level of the fluid lubricant, a piston reciprocating insaid cylinder, and means located outside of said casing forreciprocating said piston.

5. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination, a casing for containinga liquid refrigerant and a fluid lubricant, a pump cylinder extendedthrough an end wall of said casing and into the body of lubricant, saidcylinder having a fluid inlet outside of said casing and a fluid outletwithin the same, an expansion chamber connected with said casing andwith said fluid inlet, a piston reciprocating within said cylinder, andan electromagnet located outside of said casing for moving said pistonin its cylinder in one direction, substantially as described. 180

' 6. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination, a casing forcontaining liquid refrigerant, an expansion chamber located outside ofsaid casing andhaving a fluid inlet communicating with said casing toreceive liquid refrigerant therefrom, a pump cylinder extended throughside walls of said i casing and provided with fluid inlets at itsopposite ends outside of said casing and having a' fluid outlet withinsaid casing, means for connecting said expansion chamber withsaid fluidinlets, a hollow piston reciprocating in said cylinder and provided withfluid inlets at its opposite ends and with a fluid outlet between itsends and within said casing, moving said piston in opposite directions,substantially as describec 7 'In a refrigerating apparatus, incombination, a casing for containing liquid refrigerant, an expansionchamber located outside of said casing and having a fluid inletcommunicating with said casing to receive liquid refrigerant therefrom,electromagnetic pumps having theircylinders eX- tended'into and outsideof said casing, and connected with said expansion chamber to receiverefrigerant therefrom and commuand electromagnets for nicating with saidcasing to discharge the refrigerant thereinto, and means for alternatelyenergizing said pumps to effect a substantially continuous circulationof refrigerant through the apparatus.

8. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination, a casing for containingliquid refrigerant, an expansion chamber located outside of said casingand having a fluid inlet communicating with said casing to receiveliquid refrigerant therefrom, electromagnetic pumps having theircylinders supported by said casing and extended outside thereof andconnected with said expansion chamber to receive refrigerant therefromand communicating with said casing to discharge the refrigerantthereinto, and means for alternately energizing said pumps to effect asubstantially continuous circulation of refrigerant through theapparatus.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of.

two subscribing witnesses. I p

CYRUS H. HAPGOOD. Witnesses:

JOHN L. Cox, Josnrn MARTIN.

